Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi from natural disease outbreaks of marine/estuarine fishes

Vibrio vulnificus, parahaemolyticus and harveyi are the causative agents of most severe diseases marine brackish aquaculture systems. These also associated with serious ailments in humans. The present paper unravels virulence features/genes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes/genes these spp. isolated from natural disease outbreaks marine/estuarine fishes India for first time. Results on features showed that V. vulnificus infected fish can pose public health risk. While, it has been found clinically without tdh trh genes pathogenic to fish, even though they reported be, not human diseases. It was significant note were induced at increased salinity. Analysis based percentage prevalence susceptible isolates variation coefficient zone diameters categorized 17 antibiotics terms their efficiency against each species. Multiple antibiotic index (MARi) ranged between 0.058 0.47. MARi multidrug strains indicated >50% low usage area. study generated tetH sequence time, revealed high identity clinical strains. Presence tetB/ gene identified as predictor generation tetracycline, commonly used practices. data associations AMR predicted certain cross-resistance antimicrobials within Altogether, serves baseline epizootic tracking vibrios diseased fishes, devise practical guidelines use formulate efficient control measures three aquaculture, targeting final applications implementation national green healthy